[96][205] Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. 102–103; St Aubyn, pp. On 1 January 1877, while Queen Victoria was quietly celebrating the new year with her family at Windsor Castle, a spectacular celebration was taking place more than 4,000 miles away in Delhi, India, to mark the Queen’s new imperial role as Empress of India. In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. 3–12; Strachey, pp. [39], At the start of her reign Victoria was popular,[40] but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. 245–246; St Aubyn, p. 297; Woodham-Smith, pp. 164–166, Hibbert, pp. Victoria married her first cousin Albert, prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, on February 10, 1840. [68], On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her, but the gun did not fire. [214], Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and only about five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. "[195], Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. She was made the Empress of India in 1877. [8] The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. The Victoria Cross was introduced in 1856 to reward acts of valor during the Crimean War, and it remains the highest British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand award for bravery. 437–438; Longford, pp. The Queen became embroiled in the first serious constitutional crisis of her reign when, at the beginning of 1839, she heard the alarming news that Melbourne's Whig government, facing defeat on … [96] Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. [220] Contrary to popular belief, her staff and family recorded that Victoria "was immensely amused and roared with laughter" on many occasions. [115] He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Oh! [191], The Queen's Diamond Jubilee procession on 22 June 1897 followed a route six miles long through London and included troops from all over the empire. 457–458; Marshall, pp. Named after the ruling Queen of that period, Alexandrian Victoria, and lasting from 1837 (the year she was crowned Queen) to 1901 (the year she died), the Victorian era heralded many changes. She avoided public appearances and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Queen Victoria restored the reputation of a monarchy tarnished by the extravagance of her royal uncles. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and her husband Albert until the bride was 17. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. 1844), Helena (b. 35–38, 118–119; St Aubyn, pp. Strong-willed, and supported by Lehzen, Victoria survived the Kensington system; when she ascended the throne in 1837, she did so alone. Through their marriages, many of the royal families of Europe were descended from Victoria. During this time, Britain had the world’s biggest empire, the largest navy, and the most modern industries. [189] The prime ministers of all the self-governing Dominions were invited to London for the festivities. Victoria, by her own account, “was brought up very simply,” principally at Kensington Palace, where her closest companions, other than her German-born mother, the duchess of Kent, were her half sister, Féodore, and her governess, Louise (afterward the Baroness) Lehzen, a native of Coburg. [122] Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. [170] She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Find out more about her life and reign here. 95–101; St Aubyn, pp. 442–444; Waller, pp. Queen Victoria ascended to the throne on June 20, 1837 and stayed there until her death on January 22, 1901. Victoria’s great influence on the kingdom made her a popular political figure. 174–175; Woodham-Smith, p. 412, Hibbert, pp. During this time, Queen Victoria’s reign was considered one of the longest reigns in the history of the British Empire. [100] They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles. The Victorian era was a period in Great Britain's history where the country, as a whole, moved ever more forward into the country we know today. Queen Victoria Reign: The 19th Century saw a lot of changes in the British Empire. Queen Victoria became queen in 1837, and she ruled for more than 63 years. 276–279; St Aubyn, p. 325; Woodham-Smith, pp. 74–75, Hibbert, pp. [225] Of the 42 grandchildren of Victoria and Albert, 34 survived to adulthood. 89, 253; St Aubyn, pp. Omissions? [165] The manuscript was destroyed. 191–193, Hibbert, p. 374; Longford, p. 491; Marshall, p. 196; St Aubyn, pp. 15–29, Hibbert, pp. 109–112; Waller, pp. Royal haemophiliacs descended from Victoria included her great-grandsons, Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia; Alfonso, Prince of Asturias; and Infante Gonzalo of Spain. 204–209; Marshall, pp. Description: Year 5 History - What was it like for children living in Victorian Britain? 388–389, Hibbert, p. 427; Marshall, p. 176; St Aubyn, p. 389, Hibbert, pp. The first visit of Queen Victoria to Ireland took place … 21 November 1840 – Victoria and Albert start a royal family. MY DEAREST DEAREST DEAR Albert ... his excessive love & affection gave me feelings of heavenly love & happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before! William's second daughter, Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, lived for twelve weeks from 10 December 1820 to 4 March 1821, and for that period Victoria was fourth in line. [14] Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. [116] She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. 210–211; St Aubyn, pp. 447–448; Longford, p. 508; St Aubyn, p. 502; Waller, p. 441, Hibbert, p. 447; Longford, p. 539; St Aubyn, p. 503; Waller, p. 442, Hibbert, p. 376; Longford, p. 530; St Aubyn, p. 515, Marshall, pp. 101–102, Longford, p. 122; Marshall, p. 57; St Aubyn, p. 104; Woodham-Smith, p. 180, Hibbert, p. 83; Longford, pp. (editor, 1967) ", Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, List of prime ministers of Queen Victoria, Proclamation by the Queen in Council, to the princes, chiefs, and people of India, longest-reigning monarch in British history, modern speculation that her true father was not the Duke of Kent, local public holiday in parts of Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian IX, Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Saalfeld, Francis Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Saalfeld, Princess Sophia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Saalfeld, Countess Augusta Carolina of Reuss-Ebersdorf, Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, "Queen Victoria – burdened by grief and six-course dinners", "Victoria and Abdul: The Friendship that Scandalized England", "Queen Elizabeth II to become Britain's longest reigning monarch, surpassing Queen Victoria", "Real orden de damas nobles de la Reina Maria Luisa", "Agraciamentos Portugueses Aos Príncipes da Casa Saxe-Coburgo-Gota", "ข่าวรับพระราชสาสน์ พระราชสาสน์จากกษัตริย์ในประเทศยุโรปที่ทรงยินดีในการได้รับพระราชสาสน์จากพระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว", The Royal Tourist – Kalakaua's Letters Home from Tokio to London, "The Imperial Orders and Decorations of Ethiopia", "Silver Wedding medal of Duke Alfred of Saxe-Coburg & Grand Duchess Marie", Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Caroline Matilda, Queen of Denmark and Norway, Charlotte, Princess Royal and Queen of Württemberg, Princess Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Victoria, Princess Royal and German Empress, Princess Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, Princess Beatrice, Princess Henry of Battenberg, Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen, Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife, Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna of Russia, Princess Alexandra, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Princess Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden, Alexandra, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, Princess Sibylla, Duchess of Västerbotten, Princess Caroline Mathilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, Charlotte, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Marie Louise, Princess Maximilian of Baden, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_Victoria&oldid=1022212583, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (United Kingdom), People associated with the Royal National College for the Blind, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TePapa identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Dyson, Hope; Tennyson, Charles (editors, 1969), Carter, Sarah; Nugent, Maria Nugent (editors, 2016), Homans, Margaret; Munich, Adrienne (editors, 1997). Queen Victoria: how and why did she become Empress of India? Queen Victoria's Little Wars. [186] His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. 363–364; Weintraub, pp. [95] Victoria may have suffered from postnatal depression after many of her pregnancies. Growing up, she was under constant supervision. [175] Two days later on 23 June,[176] she engaged two Indian Muslims as waiters, one of whom was Abdul Karim.
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